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For decades, cholesterol has been described in overly simple terms: LDL is “bad,” HDL is “good,” and a high total cholesterol number means heart disease is around the corner. The reality is more nuanced. Cholesterol itself is not poisonous. It is an essential substance used throughout the body. At the same time, prolonged exposure to a high number of cholesterol-carrying particles—particularly apolipoprotein B, or apoB, particles—can contribute to plaque forma …

Omega-3 fatty acids are some of the most important fats for overall health, yet many people do not consume enough of them through diet alone. This is especially true for people who rarely eat fatty fish, follow a highly processed diet, avoid seafood, or consume a lot of omega-6-rich vegetable oils without balancing them with enough omega-3s. Omega-3s are considered essential fats, meaning the body needs them but cannot make enough on its own. They must come from food or supplementation. The thre …